What causes grey hair?
Hair turns grey when there is a loss of hair colour. The loss of hair color is due to a gradual fall in melanin production in the hair bulb. If you observe the hair on a greying head, you will notice there is a full range of colors, from the normal shade through to white along each hair, and also from one hair to another. When the melanocytes stop producing these pigments, grey hair will start growing. This occurs due to age.
Premature grey hair can also occur at a young age due to factors such as Vitamin B12 deficiency, thyroid imbalance and anaemia. Lifestyle factors such as smoking can also cause premature greying.

When would one develop grey hair?
Most people actually start going grey in their late twenties but not many will notice it immediately.
Premature greying is defined as the onset of grey hair before late teens for Caucasians and before age 30 in Africans and Asians, or described as 50% or more grey scalp hair before age 50. In some cases, a few grey hairs can develop in children as young as 8 years old and yet it indicates nothing other than an early onset of the grey hair that we all develop with increasing age.
On the average, grey hair typically first develops at age 34.2 +/- 9.6 years in Caucasians while for Black people the average age of onset is 43.9 +/-10.3 years (Keogh 1965). Average onset for Asian people is age 39 +/- 9 years.  It is expected that 50% of the population in the US and Europe have 50% grey hair by age 50.

Where would grey hair start appearing?
Usually people notice their first grey hair near their temples. Then the greyness spreads to the crown, and later to the back of the head. 

What is the texture of grey hair?
Grey hair has different properties than non-grey hair; it is more dry and has a rough, wavy texture.

What factors influence the hair colouring process?
The thickness and texture of one’s hair will influence the colouring process: the more porous the hair, the faster the hair cream cum colouring will work. If the hair is less porous, the process will be slower and one will have to use the hair cream cum colouring daily for a little longer. Individul results vary.

What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is also known as a degenerative joint disease. It is characterized by a progressive deterioration of the cartilage (protective padding covering  joints) in the joints (at the intersection of two bones). This results in pain, swelling, stiffness and ultimately deformity and loss of function. The condition primarily affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, feet, back, and the joints in the fingers and hands.

What are the signs & symptoms of osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis may be noticeable on an x-ray. Some of the early symptoms would usually be mild at first and can include morning stiffness that disappears quickly.
Another sign of osteoarthritis is pain. When you rise from a sitting position, you might suffer pain in one or both knees or you may experience pain in a joint after you overuse it through rigorous activities. You may also experience pain after you have been inactive for a while.

Which joints are usually affected?
Weight-bearing joints are the most vulnerable to osteoarthritis. The disease most often occurs in the knees, hips and feet. It can also manifest in the fingers and spine. It’s uncommon for osteoarthritis to affect the jaw, shoulders, elbows, wrists, or ankles, unless you’ve been injured or placed unusual stress on one of these joints.
As the weight of the entire body is borne by the knees, they are among the body’s most unstable joints. The knee joints are supported by ligaments and cartilage. If either of these are damaged, the knee has a limited potential to repair itself as the ligaments and cartilage are slow to heal.

What are the factors that influence osteoarthritis?
Factors such as injuries, heredity, obesity and occupation influence osteoarthritis.

Why do breasts sag?
Breast sagging occurs for several reasons such as multiple pregnancies, breast feeding, rapid weight loss, genetics, gravity and age. Due to the force of gravity over time, all body tissues tends to be susceptible to such changes and the breast is no exception.
The breast is supported by connective tissues and is under constant stretch due to the weight of the breast. With time, this effect gradually and eventually causes relaxation of the connective tissues thus causing the breasts to be saggy.

Who are most vulnerable to sagging breasts?
With the exception of small breasts, sagging breasts is a natural process. It happens to all women when they age. Factors such as genes and diet determine the elasticity of the females’ skin and ligaments. When gravity pulls the breasts down, these ligaments and skin stretch and breasts which are heavier tend to sag more due to the weight, resulting in sagging breasts.
For breast feeding females, when breast feeding is no longer required, the milk ducts and tissue shrinks, but the surrounding skin does not. Over time, the breast will become saggy.
In the entire lifetime of a female, weight would vary. When females gain weight, there will be more fat tissue and so her breasts would increase in size. However, when females lose weight, some fat tissue is lost from the breasts. The ligaments and skin are not affected which will result in the breast that looks emptier and would then sag.
Sagging breasts is also seen in post menopausal females as well as overweight females. It cannot be prevented even with good bras.

Why is it important to maintain youthful breasts?          
Each breast consists chiefly of fibrous tissue radiating from the nipple and dividing it into 15 to 20 lobes. Under hormonal control, these lobes produce milk following delivery of a baby. Each lobe has many small ducts draining into a main duct, which finally emerges as a tiny opening on the surface of the nipple.
Surrounding the glandular tissue is a large pad of fat cells, which give the breasts its shape. The entire breast mass extends over a large area, reaching up into the armpit -
there are no muscles in the breasts.
For this reason,  if breasts lose its youthful firmness, even with exercise it is unlikely to restore it.

What is acute pain?
The definition of acute pain is a short-term pain or pain that has an easily identifiable cause. Acute pain is the body's warning of present damage to tissue or disease and it is often fast and sharp followed by aching pain. Acute pain is centralized in one area before becoming
somewhat spread out and responds well to treatments.

What is chronic pain?
The definition of chronic pain is pain that lasts for six months or longer. This pain is a constant affair or it surfaces intermittently, which often occurs longer than the period of time. It is often more difficult to treat than acute pain. Expert care is generally necessary to treat any pain that has become chronic.

How can pain be managed?
Both acute or chronic pain usually reaches a point where patients eventually have to seek professional care. Medical professionals often focus on correcting the problem and subsequently pain relief is methods would come in as secondary measures.
Pain can sometimes be under-treated due to various reasons. But managing pain may require a few approaches that includes treating the underlying root cause of the pain (primary attempt to treat pain), pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies and ometimes if necessary surgical procedures.
By repairing injuries and diagnosing diseases enables pain to be prevented and anticipated, thereby lessening the patients’ pain.
Due to the complexities involved in the relief of pain, various therapies and methods have been developed over time to address aspects of disease, injury and pain.

What causes muscle pain?
Muscle pain is most frequently related to tension, overuse, or muscle injury from exercise or physically-demanding work. In these cases, the pain tends to involve specific muscles and starts during or just after the activity. It is usually obvious which activity is causing the pain.

What health concerns do men specifically encounter?
Men experience heart disease and high blood pressure. A percentage of men also experience erectile dysfunction, testicular problems and prostate disorders. The age that men experience these conditions vary, but they can be encountered as early as in their 20s or 30s. The propensity to sustain such diseases depends on heredity or it could be due to lifestyle.

What do men after age 40 frequently notice or feel about themselves?
As men get older, testosterone levels in the body gradually become lower than when they were younger, when they still had the drive and energy to sustain him through marathons or “sex-capades”.
Testosterone is the hormone responsible for such typically "male" characteristics as deep voices, muscle mass, and facial and body hair patterns, and a shortage can spell tiredness, low sex drive, and a list of other effects that may make him feel older than his actual age.
For some men, this decrease in testosterone results in a condition called andropause. The symptoms include the following :- Low sex drive, difficulties getting erection or erections that are not as strong as usual, lack of energy etc.